Indonesia contains more than 120 active volcanoes, with thousands of residents maintaining permanent settlements on the slopes of Mount Merapi on the island of Java. Residents in villages such as Klakah continue to engage in traditional agricultural and cultural practices despite the activity levels of the volcano, which is categorized as one of the world's most active. In interviews with NPR, local citizens described a reliance on the land for their livelihoods and a deep connection to ancestral traditions as primary reasons for remaining in the area.
Residents primarily work as farmers, cultivating crops such as chili, tobacco, and cauliflower in the volcanic soil. Widi, a local chicken breeder, stated that cultural ceremonies like Jathilan—a traditional Javanese performance involving music and dance—are central to community life and providing social engagement. These events often mark significant milestones, such as rites of passage for children, and are attended by large portions of the local population.
The decision to stay involves balancing the economic and cultural benefits of the region against the geological risks. While the Indonesian government monitors volcanic activity, many residents continue to reside within the immediate vicinity of the peak. Community members reported that their routine involves alternating between agricultural labor and the maintenance of local customs, such as the shamanic trance dances and gamelan music characteristic of Javanese heritage.